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Addictions:Addictive behavior and Addictions.Dependence on substance to such extent that using that.Substance becomes the dominant preoccupation in that individuals life.Addiction can be physical,psychological or both.Physical Addiction:In the case of physical addiction when the drug is withdrawn the addict may express withdrawal symptom in the form of diarrhea,Vomiting,convulsion etc. If the dependence is psychological the symptoms are expressed in the form of severe craving,agitation and violence.Drug and Alcohol addiction abuse has become an international problem.Misuse of Drugs and Alcohol,cause several health and social problems,which may lead to break down of families,erosion of moral values in society and especially escalated crime rate.This may lead to addictive behaviors such as Gambling,shopping and causes more social problems than the psychological problems.Drug Addicted:Some people having difficulty in dealing with day to day anxiety and stress may find that certain substances may help them tackle these situation and help them to control their symptoms thus allowing them to be more effective at socializing children who grow up where drugs and alcohol are easily and widely available are at more risk to develop addictive problems of behavior. Large substances of illicit Drugs are available.Amphetamines,Ecstasy,Crack and Cocaine are widely used stimulants.These Drugs stimulate nervous system and intense of feeling of strength and enargy.Use of the substances can make a person active with out sleep for a long time.However they can cause anxiety and paranoia. Continuous use results in exhaustion and possible of long term psychological damage.Some people believe that crack and cocaine are social Drugs with no potential danger of addiction,But both are extremely addictive.The craving for cocaine is almost impossible to control and it is these cravings which lead to destructive behavior eventually. Drugs like heroin,cannabis(marijuana)and Anesthesia have a more relaxing effect on users.Many tranquilizers legally prescribed for anxiety treatment also have addictive potential and many be abused.Regular use of marijuana may lead to impaired judgment and among result in long term psychological problems like depression and demonetivation.Addiction may lead to immoral behavior and has a destructive effect on relationship,employment.Addicts may lose everything of value and face legal charges and finally end up in prison. HIV,hepatitis B,hepatitis C,blood poisoning(septicemia) ,infections in the heart(endocarditis)infections of the skin and subcutaneous membranes(cellulitis)and abscesses are some of the health risks of drug abuse.Alcoholism:Alcohol is a depressant of the central nervous system and is accepted in everyday life by most societies in the world.Moderate consumption of Alcohol relaxes the person and reduces inhibitions.In excess,it severally impairs coordination and judgment and may induce violent behavior.Regular use may induce physical and psychological dependence symptoms.This can lead to physical ill health and reduce work efficiency,Which may lead to employment loss and family breakdowns.Alcoholism may damage physical health by damaging the liver,vitamin absorption and gastroenteritis problems.Compulsive Gambling:This is an urge to gamble and when the urge becomes dominant it becomes compulsive.It is more prevalent in men and the dependency may surface before the age of 25.These pathological gamblers go on gambling by betting higher amounts of money to get the desired level of excitement.This behavior may lead to his destruction in all aspects(economical,personal relationships,family,employment etc)Compulsive gambling may lie,cheat or steal regardless of the effects they may have on anyone close to him. Many specialists that some people have addictive personalities which may be genetic.However there is more supporting evidence to prove that gambling is a learned behavior.Unless the addict wants to stop and acknowledge the need for therapy no therapy can work.

Substance Abuse treatment facilities,especially for women with children are inadequate.There are only four centers in the whole country,according to the Addiction resource guide.Consequences of physical and mental health due to use of Drugs for women differ from those of men.Women seek Drug abuse treatment much later than men.The substance abuse first priority for single women with children is adequate provision for immediate safety and physical needs of their children and there for the substance abuse treatment is given second importance.Due to these differences the approaches to the treatment of drug use and the task of relapse prevention are different. Women who have drug abuse may also have mental illness.More than one third of women drug abusers have major depressive episodes and about 45% have at least one mental problems.Women substance abusers are more likely to be victims of domestic violence.In addiction they have higher rates of partner violence. Substance abuse is also related to increased involvement of women in the criminal justice system sales of illicit drugs and drug use have contributed to 386% raise in the female prisoners between 1980 and 1994.Women drug users often lack in parenting skills.They follow the same dysfunctional family patterns,experienced in their own childhoods.They may over react with harsh discipline or neglect their children due to mental and physical incapacity or due to apathy.What increases the success of the Program:Taking care of the families basic needs such as food ,shelter and safety is the first step.Only after meeting the basic needs mother can try to focus her attention towards their addiction during or after the program.A single Erises in any area may lead to relapse or drop out of treatment.Many women who enter treatment or motivated out of conceive about their parenting skills and how the children are affected due to their addiction.Therefore offering effective parenting programs during out patient or inpatient improves retention and out comes for parents and children and reduces relapse.These types of programs have shown success if they:a)Allowed women to come to treatment with their children.b)Provided child care,skills training for children and also education on drug abuse.c)Provided parent training and support services to improve confidence about being more efficient mothers. Although suitable residential treatment is scarce,the demand is great and the adult supervision and substance abuse treatment professionals case sheets are increasingly consist of drug using single mothers.

A bench may be defined as a ledge that forms a single level of operation above which mineral or waste materials are mined back to a bench face. The mineral or waste is removed in successive layers, each of which is a bench. Several benches may be in operation simultaneously in different parts of, and at different elevations in the open pit mine.

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